状语从句

Adverbial Clause

状语从句在复合句中修饰主句中的谓语动词、形容词或副词。根据意义上的不同，状语从句可分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句、原因状语从句、让步状语从句等。

 

01

时间状语从句

引导时间状语从句的连词有when，while，before，after，until, as soon as，since等。

– I was doing my homework when the telephone rang

电话铃响的时候我正在做作业。

– As soon as the man finished talking,Yu Gong said thathis family could continue to move the mountains after hedied.

这人刚说完，愚公就说，他死后，他的家人可以继续搬山了。

 

as soon as “-……就..”，引导时间状语从句。若用A表示从句，B表示主句的话，A事发生后就做B事，即一A就B。

⚠️注意：在每一个大的时间段内，A和B的时态要统一。比如B过去式，A肯定也在过去时内。

B现在时 as soon as A现在时

B过去时 as soon as A过去时

– I went to do my homework as soon as I came back home.

我一到家就去写作业了。

若主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。

B一般将来时as soon as A一般现在时

– I will call you up as soon as I return home.

我一到家就给你打电话。

02

条件状语从句

引导条件状语从句的连词有if，unless等。

– If it is fine tomorrow, we’ll go to the park

如果明天天气好，我们就去公园。

-He can’t turn himself in to a man unless he can hide his tail.

除非他能隐藏自己的尾巴，否则他不能把自己变成人。

 

unless “如果不，除非”，引导条件状语从句

unless本身引导的从句带有否定的意义，并不影响主句的形式，它的主句可肯定可否定。

►（1）主句为肯定句。

– You will miss the bus unless you hurry up.

你要不快点就会错过班车。

– You’ll fail in chemistry again unless you work harder.

如果你不再加把劲，你化学考试还会不及格。

 

►（2）主句为否定或表否定含义的句子。

– Unless you oil the motor regularly, it won’t run smoothly.

要不是你经常给发动机上油，它就不会转得那么顺畅。

– You will never get anywhere unless you have set your goal.

如果你不设定目标，你哪儿也去不了。

⚠️注意：在由unless、if 引|导的条件状语从句 和 由as soon as，when，while 等引导的时间状语从句中，若主句是一般将来时，从句常用一般现在时表将来。

– We will go for a picnic unless it rains.

如果不下雨，我们就去野餐。

– I’ll tell you the story when you come here tomorrow

当明天你来这儿时，我会告诉你这个故事。

 

03

结果状语从句

引导结果状语从句的连词有so…that…，such….that…等意思均为“如此…以至于…”

> 在“so … that …”句型中，so 是副词，修饰形容词或副词

I was so tired that I couldn’t go any further

我累得走不动了。

> 在“such … that…”句型中，such修饰名词。

Tom is such a cleverboy that everyone likes him

汤姆如此聪明，大家都喜欢他。

注意

1、当名词前有many、much、(a)few、(a)little等词修饰时，句子中要用“so…that…”而不能用“such…that…”。

– He has so much money that he can buy what he wants.

他如此有钱以至于能买到任何他想要的。

– There is so little water in the glass that I can’t drink any more.

杯子里没有水了以至于我喝不到了。

 

2、so与that也可连起来写，即变成… so that … (以便/为了…)，引导目的状语从句。

– I got up early so that I could catch the early bus.

我早起是为了赶上早班车。

– Please open the window so that we can breathe fresh air.

请打开窗户以便我们能呼吸到新鲜空气。

 

拓展

# 1. 当that引导的结果状语从句是肯定句时，so…that…可与be…enoughto do sth.进行同义转换。

The boy is so clever that he can answer the question easily.
=The boy is clever enough to answer the question easily.

男孩很聪明以至于很容易就回答出来这个问题。

# 2. 当that引导的结果状语从句为否定句时，so…that…可与too…to…或be not…enough to do sth.进行同义转换。

He is so young that he can’t look after himself.

=He is too young to look after himself.

=He is not old enough to look after himself.

他太小还不能照顾自己。

填空题，在划线处填上“unless，as soon as,so…that”

1. As soon as her father died, the stepsisters made herdo all the chores.

2. She was so busy that shehad no time to makea dress for the party.

3. The mice knew that unless they helped her make a dress, she would not be able to go to the party.

4. As soon as the prince saw her, he fell in love with her.

5. The prince knew that unless the girl’s foot could fit the shoe, it was not the right girl.

6. The new couple were so happy that they couldn’t stop smiling when they got married.