在复合句中作宾语的句子叫宾语从句。宾语从句一般位于及物动词或介词后。
宾语从句是主从复合句中的一种。在复合句中作宾语的句子叫宾语从句。宾语从句一般位于及物动词或介词后。
I know the man.(简单句)
这里的宾语是一个名词。
I know (that) the man is your teacher.(复合句,句中有句)
这里的宾语是一个句子。
1. 引导词
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三种:that/if或whether/wh-
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2. 语序
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用陈述句语序
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3. 时态
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根据主句决定
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①that: 宾语从句是陈述句,常用that引导。that本身无意义,只起连接作用,口语中可省略。
The radio says(that)it will rain tomorrow.
I hear(that)he will come back in an hour.
② if/whether: 如果宾语从句是由一般疑问句转化而来,用if或whether引导,在句中意为“是否”。
I wonder if/whetheryou have told this news to Li Lei.
Could you tell me if/whether he has been to Beijing.
⚠️注意:用于不定式之前、介词之后,或与or not连用时,用whether不用if
I don’t knowwhether he is free or not.
③how, who, which等wh-特殊疑问词:如果宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转化而来,用连接代词或连接副词引导。
Could you tell me what he said to you?
I don’t know how we will go to the zoo tomorrow.
(引导词后)用陈述句语序
1. l hear that he will come back in an hour.
2. l don’t know what they are doing.
3. Do you know how we wil go to the zoo tomorrow.
①当主句是一般现在时,宾语从句根据实际可用任何时态
Do you know who he was talking with at eight last Sunday?
Do you know where he will go tomorrow?
②当主句是一般过去时,宾语从句用相应的过去某种时态
一般现在时 改 一般过去时 |
is/am—was are— were
V./Vs — V-ed |
一般将来时 改 过去将来时 |
will do—would do |
现在进行时 改 过去进行时 |
is doing —was doing |
现在完成时 改 过去完成时 |
have done —had done |
例句:老师想要知道他是否已经完成了作业
The teacher wanted to know if he had finished his homework
③当宾语从句是客观真理、客观事实或自然现象时,其时态不受主句时态影响,仍用一般现在时
She said the sun rises in the east.
引导词
陈述句→that
一般疑问句→if/whether
特俗疑问句→特俗疑问词
语序→陈述句语序
时态
主句→一般现在时→从句-任何时态
主句→一般过去时→从句-过去相应时态
从句为客观真理→一般现在时
1. I can’t remember _______ the book yesterday.
A. where I put B. where did I put
C. where will I put D. where I will put
本题考查宾语从句的用法。在宾语从句中,从句应使用陈述语序,即主语+谓语动词(助动词或情态动词)+其他部分,因此选项B和C中的疑问语序不符合要求,排除。根据句意可知,此处表示“记不起昨天把书放在哪里了”,动作发生在过去,故选用一般过去时。答案为A。
2. – Would you like to tell me _______ ?
–Sure. Practice makes perfect.
A. how can I study English well
B. why do you learn English well
C. how I can study English well
D. why I learn English well
同样考查宾语从句的用法。根据答句“Practice makes perfect”(熟能生巧)可知,对方询问的是学习英语的方法,应用how引导宾语从句;且从句需保持陈述语序。答案为C。
3. Our teacher told us _______.
A. the sun will rise in the east.
B. the sun rise in the east.
C. the sun rises in the east.
D. the sun rised in the east.
本题考查宾语从句的时态和语态。宾语从句表达的是客观事实或真理,不受主句时态影响,始终用一般现在时;同时,“太阳升起”是自然现象,无被动语态。故正确答案为C。
4. We haven’t decided ____ we will go there for a picnic or not.
A. where B. when C. if D. whether
本题考查连词的用法。根据句意及空后的“or not”可知,此处表示“我们还没有决定是否去那里野餐”。在英语中,与“or not”搭配表示“是否”的连词通常为whether,而非if。答案为D。
5. Wu Dong said he ______ twice.
A. had been to Shanghai B. has gone to Shanghai
C. has been to Shanghai D. had gone to Shanghai
解析:
本题考查过去完成时和固定短语的用法。主句“Wu Dong said”是一般过去时,宾语从句中的动作“去过上海”发生在过去的过去,应用过去完成时;且表示“去过某地”用“had been to+地点”,而“has gone to”表示“去了某地(还未回来)”,不符合语境。答案为A。